Pete Rose Baseball Scandal Essay - 1576 Words

Throughout the history of America’s pastime, baseball has continually battled scandals and controversies. From the 1919 â€Å"Black Sox† scandal to the current steroid debate, baseball has lived in a century of turmoil. While many of these scandals affected multiple players and brought shame to teams, none have affected a single player more than the 1980’s Pete Rose betting scandal. Aside from the public humiliation he brought his family and the Cincinnati Reds, nothing has done more to hurt Pete Rose than his lifetime ban from baseball making him ineligible for hall of fame. While many are for and against putting Pete Rose in the hall of fame, the four ethical theories, Kantianism, Utilitarianism, Egoism, and Ethical Realism, each have their†¦show more content†¦After retiring entirely from baseball both as a manager and as a player, Pete Rose was believed to have placed bets on multiple baseball games including his Cincinnati Reds. After investigations by Major League Baseball and the lawyer John M. Dowd, they were able to discover that Rose had bet on multiple Reds games, but were unable to discover whether Rose had ever bet against the Reds, like the Black Sox scandal. With the Commissioner of baseball, Bart Giamatti, pushing the case to the federal level, Rose and Giamatti came to an agreement which included Rose’s lifetime ban from baseball. During his lifetime ban, Rose came clean stating that he did bet on the Reds in his autobiography in 2004. Currently, Pete Rose continues to serve his lifetime ban, hoping to one day manage another team and enter the hall of fame. Knowing that Pete Rose continues his ban from baseball, we can begin by looking at the ethical theories which agree with keeping Rose out of the hall of fame. Egoism, the idea of acting in manner which is best for me, is a theory which does not lead Rose to the hall of fame. With Egoism we have to look at what is best for the party in charge and which dec ision will lead to the best outcome. With the Pete Rose case we have two parties whose ethical decisions can be evaluated, MLB and Pete Rose. Clearly Pete Rose can be ignored in the egoistic analysis, since the decision to place him in the hall of fameShow MoreRelatedBaseball in America Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesBaseball in America is about as common as Cricket is to Indian Nations. Baseball was played and was also participated by everyone. People played it everywhere from large cities to even small towns. Children and even adults were playing. The game of baseball was invented between 1861 and 1865 which was before the American Civil War. Many of the people that know of the game of baseball reference as the â€Å"National Past Time†. Many people played baseball or even played the cousin sport called softballRead MorePete Rose Should Be Allowed Into the Hall of Fame991 Words   |  4 PagesMakes the Final Decision? There are many questions that go through a Major League Baseball fan of the Cincinnati Reds. The most important question that is on every Reds fan mind is why Pete Rose should be allowed into the Hall of Fame? Most players that have been inducted in the Major League Baseball Hall of Fame such as, Nolan Ryan, Tom Seaver, and everyone else were inducted for their pitching or baseball playing ability. Therefore, the main idea of being accepted into the Hall of Fame wouldRead MoreBlack Sox Scandal and Its Effect on America2032 Words   |  9 PagesScandals in Baseball and Its Effect on America Baseball has always been considered as American as apple pie. If that is true than cheating should be just as American. Ever since the creation of America’s favorite pastime, baseball, cheating has been a major part of the game. Each era of baseball has showed more complex ways of cheating the game. Although, cheating in baseball has been around since the introduction of the game, only few scandals have really made history. Some of the most famousRead MoreHustle: The Myth, Life, and Lies Of Pete Rose by Michael Sokolove1075 Words   |  5 PagesHustle: The Myth, Life, and Lies Of Pete Rose by Michael Sokolove I was in high school when Pete Rose broke Ty Cobbs all time hits record. I grew up in Ohio when I was young and was always a Cincinnati Reds fan, and Rose was one of the players I admired. It seemed as though he hustled more than most of the other players and was always trying to do whatever it took in order to win. He was my first recollection of how free agency could ruin your favorite team when he departed for the PhiladelphiaRead More Pete Rose Essay1970 Words   |  8 Pages Pete Rose Bart Giamatti’s decision to ban Pete Rose from the Baseball Hall of Fame was not a fair decision at all. Pete Rose was placed on Baseball’s ineligible list in 1989 when commissioner of baseball, Bart Giamatti concluded that Rose had bet on baseball games, including games involving his own team, the Cincinnati Reds. In an agreement made with Baseball, Rose accepted his banishment from the sport. Although he never admitted to having gambled on baseball games (Maury). Pete Rose was aRead MoreA Research On Scandals Of Baseball3731 Words   |  15 PagesAbady, David Mr. Laub Research Paper on Scandals in Baseball 4-30-15 Introduction For this paper, I will be researching the controversial topic on whether athletes or coaches, especially in baseball, should be recognized for their achievements if they were involved in any sort of scandals during their tenures. This subject is hotly debated due to the fact that some find it wrong to reward people who have committed major wrongdoings or even cheated the game they were a part of. On the other handRead MoreIs Punishment A Major League Baseball?3332 Words   |  14 Pageswhat extent has punishment in Major League Baseball since the Chicago Black Sox scandal in the 1919 World Series? Extended Essay in History Word count: 3073 Richard Moseley Moseley Abstract To what extent has punishment in Major League Baseball since the Chicago Black Sox scandal in the 1919 World Series? This investigation was done through numerous baseball reference websites, with ESPN being the primary source for the more current scandals such as Biogenesis. This investigation willRead More Supporting Ban on Pete Rose from Baseball Hall of Fame Essay2232 Words   |  9 Pages What has the game of baseball meant for Americans? For many baseball is a game of integrity, honesty, and without a doubt skill. When one of these factors is allowed to overtake the other it leaves the game unbalanced with lost priorities. Like everything else in life, baseball has rules and regulations which should be followed and enforced. The Baseball Hall of Fame honors persons who have excelled in playing, managing, and serving the sport. Having ten years of experience in the game andRead MoreImpact of Gambling on Athletes and Coaches905 Words   |  4 Pagesaccomplishments. Gamblin g scandals can ruin careers, and permanently mar the individuals ability to participate in the sport again. As Finley, Finley Fountain (n.d.). point out, gambling also has the potential to ruin the integrity of the entire team, league, or whole sport. Ensuring an honest and uncorrupted game has been one of the biggest challenges facing sport, (Finley, Finley Fountain, n.d., p. 41). Baseball in particular has been plagued by gambling scandals. However, other professionalRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs in Baseball and the Hall of Fame1749 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the dictionary a Hall of Fame is a building set aside to honor outstanding individuals in any profession. The Baseball Hall of Fame specifically is an American History Museum and Hall of Fame for Major League Baseball. There are however certain players who have not been allowed entrance to the hall of fame. These players may not have been allowed in for two reasons; the first is possibly because of their use (alleged or proven) of performance enhancing drugs (PEDs), or it may also

46 Pages Chapter 2 - 931 Words

CHAPTER OUTLINE TEMPLATE Student Reading Discussion Guide Chapter â… ¡, ... An Englishman Note any words or phrases that are unfamiliar to you or that are used in a special sense. Define them and be sure to record the page number. A. Epochs (23) - a period of time that is very important in history. B. Vicissitudes (25) - a change of circumstances or fortune, typically one that is unwelcome or unpleasant. C. Dissenters (29) - labels one who disagrees in matters of opinion, belief, etc D. Halcyon (37) - peaceful, gentle, and calm Note at least three people (or events) who have influenced this period of history as discussed this chapter. Gives their names and contribution. Note the page number where each person is discussed.†¦show more content†¦This concept created a new way of looking at the development of Britain at the time. C. During this time period the British constitutional monarchy was really unfair to its citizens, Paine actually ridicules the British government in one of his works. This ideal of the British being unfair to the citizens not only reinforces previously held beliefs but also makes one realize that Britain has been dealing out injustice for a very long time. D. The Anglican Churchs Thirty-Nine Articles of Faith was also a concept during this time period as well as in chapter two, where it describes how Paine was against following the Articles of Faith. Paine was a Quaker and during that time Quakers saw themselves as rebels and outsiders because they opposed the idea of the Articles. E. Around 1756 the Seven Years War was just beginning and Paine ran off to join the crew of a privateer. This however brought new insight as to how a person living in Britain might be so tired of the current life they are living, like Paine, that joining the â€Å"army† during that time period was their ticket to see the world. What was the author’s main thesis in this chapter? How well he or she support it in terms of sources? How compelling was the author’s argument? The authors main thesis in this chapter is the concept of Thomas Paine’s early life from his birth in the year of 1737 up until the point where he arrivedShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Importance of Slearys Circus People in Hard Times709 Words   |  3 Pagesobjects and characters with their physical and literary opposites. An example being the horse. When we look at Gradgrinds definition of a horse given to us early on in the book Quadruped. Ggraminivorous, forty teeth namely grinders.......with iron.2 ,a strict and non compromising definition. We then find the circus people lodging in an inn, aptly named Pegasus Arms. Pegasus is a horse which could not get further from Gradgrinds definition if it tried. For it being a mythological creature andRead MoreEssay on Retailing and Large Online Retailers751 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Problem set 3 Crystal Yu 1. Do problem 4.8 and 4.9 page 149 (2 points) You need to show your work to get credit. 4.8 Does it take more time to be removed from an email list than it used to take? A study of 100 large online retailers revealed the following: Need Three Or More Clicks to Be Removed Year       Yes       No  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Total 2009       39          61  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   100 2008         7          93  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   100   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   46  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   154  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   200 a. Give an example of a simple event NeedRead MoreProblems Operations and Process Management Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesMG518 – Operations and Process Management Professor Eloise Thomas August 24, 2013 * Chapter 9: Problems 2a, 2b, 5a, and 5b on page 346 * Chapter 10: Problems 2 and 5 on pages 381-382 * Chapter 11: Problems 2 and 3 on pages 407-408 * Chapter 12: Problems 2, 3a, 3b, 10a, 10b, 22a, and 22b on pages 440-443 Chapter 9 Problem 2 Prince Electronics, a manufacturer of consumer electronic goods, has five distribution centers in different regions of theRead MoreQuiz: Variable Cost and Contribution Margin1007 Words   |  5 PagesQuiz – Chapter 17 – Solution 1. Rider Company sells a single product. The product has a selling price of $40 per unit and variable expenses of $15 per unit. The companys fixed expenses total $30,000 per year. The companys break-even point in terms of total dollar sales is: A) $100,000. B) $80,000. C) $60,000. D) $48,000. The answer is d. CMR = (P-V)/P = ($40 - $15)/$40 = 62.5% Px = F/ (CMR) Px = $30,000/.625 = $48,000 Use the following to answer questions 2-3: Weiss Corporation produces two modelsRead MoreInternal Guide External Guide For Jammu And Kashmir Bank Limited Srinagar1197 Words   |  5 Pages RAIEES BASHIR Place: Bangalore USN: 1HK13MBA06 CHAPTERS CONTENTS Page. No Chapter 1 1 1.1.1 Introduction about the Internship 2 1.1.2 Topic chosen for study 4 1.1.3 Need for the study 4 1.1.4 Objectives of the study 4 1.1.5 Scope of the study 4 1.1.6 Methodology adopted 5 1.1.7 Literature review 6 1.1.8 Limitations of study 7 Chapter 2 8 2.1.1 Overview of industry 9 2.1.2 Market size 9 2.1.3 Road ahead 10 2.2.1 Company profile 11 2.2Read MoreChapter Summaries Of Foreshadowing Of A Yellow Spotted Lizard, And The Worst Thing That Can Happen1176 Words   |  5 PagesChapter 1: Page 4: â€Å"You don’t want to be bitten by a yellow spotted lizard, that’s the worst thing that can happen to you. You will die a slow and painful death.† Insights: This is an example of foreshadowing. I can assume that this statement will have an important factor to contribute in this story. Chapter 2: Page 5: â€Å"The judge said ‘â€Å"You may go to jail, or you may go to Camp Green Lake.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Stanley was from a poor family. He had never been to camp before. Insights: Of course Stanley would chooseRead MoreEssay about How to Read Literature Like a Professor1562 Words   |  7 PagesHow to Read Literature Like a Professor by Thomas C. Foster Chapter Reflections Introduction: How’d He Do That? * How do memory, symbol, and pattern affect the reading of literature? How does the recognition of patterns make it easier to read complicated literature? Discuss a time when your appreciation of a literary work was enhanced by understanding symbol or pattern. * When reading literature: memory, symbol, and pattern help you understand the text better. If you don’t comprehendRead More Ethan Frome: List of Quotes explained Essay1265 Words   |  6 Pages 1. ?Guess he?s been in Starkfield too many winters? This quote was found on page 13, in the introduction when Harmon Gow is explaining to the narrator who Ethan Frome is. When Harmon states that Ethan has been in the town of Starkfield too many winters leads to the narrator finding out that Starkfield and the town members become emotionally buried under the snow covered blanket of Starkfield?s winters. Winter in Starkfield is depressing and cold and it seems to rub off on theRead Morereflection703 Words   |  3 Pagescomprise: †¢ A title page (labeled with your name, student ID, title of the work, course title, name of the course lecturer, required submission date) †¢ A content page sheet (how the sections are organized and the page no of each log) A summary sheet for reflective log(see template) †¢ Copies of all completed reflective logs (see template): e.g log 1, log 2, log 3†¦ There is no overall limit to the length of your log but it is suggested normally around 40 single-sided pages. Format: Times/ timesRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Dialect Journal1653 Words   |  7 PagesDialectic Journal Assignment FAHRENHEIT 451 TEXT CHAPTER PAGE RESPONSE (Question, Predict, Connect, Clarify, Reflect, Evaluate) With the brass nozzle in his fists, with this great python spitting it s venomous kerosene upon the world, the blood pounded his head, and his hands were the hands of some amazing conductor playing all the symphonies of blazing and burning to bring down the tatters and charcoal ruins of history. Chapter 1 Page 1 Predict This sentence has negative and a happy

Eli Whitney and Interchangable Parts Essay Example For Students

Eli Whitney and Interchangable Parts Essay Whitney and interchangeable parts In the late asses, in addition to inventing the cotton gin, Eli Whitney also came up vivid the idea for interchangeable parts. This avgas the pre-manufacturing of machinery pieces that could be quickly assembled to make a functioning piece Of equipment, such as a gun. Before Whitney, each gun had to be handcrafted, and each one was different in its assembly. This meant that it took a long time for them to be made or repaired. When Congress voted for a war with France in 1 797, Whitney saw an opportunity to market his idea because he knew a lot Of nuns would be needed to fight the war. Whitney obtained a federal grant from the government in 1798 to build 10,000 muskets for the army in 2 years, which was a ridiculous proposal for the time period. He applied the idea of interchangeable parts to the production firearms and created a machine that could make exact copies of individual components of guns. These could then be assembled faster and more efficiently, thus saving the government time and money. Although it took him eight years to complete the project instead of two, Thomas Jefferson and John Adams among others were both impressed with Whitney invention when he came to the Washington area to defend it. News of the success to interchangeable parts spread quickly, and by the War of 1812, the leading firearms manufactures in America were using the system to produce weapons at an alarming rate. The asses, firearms manufactures around the globe had adopted interchangeable parts thanks to Americas success. Whitney breakthrough also affected and helped to develop other industrial activities. Cars, sewing machines, clocks, and typewriters were all being assembled faith interchangeable parts. This also would lead to the rise of the assembly line.

Tell Tale Heart Essays (2260 words) - , Term Papers

Tell Tale Heart Tell tale heart True!--nervous--very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad? The disease had sharpened my senses--not destroyed--not dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heavens and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad? ...Now this is the point. You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. But you should have seen me. You should have seen how wisely I proceeded--with what caution--with what foresight--with what dissimulation I went to work! I was never kinder to the old man than during the whole week before I killed him. It is impossible to say how the idea of murdering the old man first entered the mind of the narrator. There was no real motive as stated by the narrator: Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old man. He had never wronged me....For his gold I had no desire. I think that it was his eye! The narrator states that one of the old man's eyes was a pale blue color with a film over it, which resembled the eye of a vulture. Just the sight of that eye made the narrator's blood run cold, and as a result, the eye (and with it the old man) must be destroyed. Every night at midnight, the narrator went to the old man's room. Carefully, he turned the latch to the door, and opened it without making a sound. When a sufficient opening had been made, a covered lantern was thrust inside. I undid the lantern cautiously...(for the hindges creaked)--I undid it just so much that a single thin ray fell upon the vulture eye. And this I did for seven long nights...but I found the eye always closed; and so it was impossible to do the work; for it was not the old man who vexed me, but his Evil Eye. The old man suspected nothing. During the day, the narrator continued to perform his usual duties, and even dared to ask each morning how the old man had passed the night; however, at midnight, the nightly ritual continued. Upon the eighth night, the narrator proceeded to the old man's room as usual; however, on this night, something was different. Never before that night had I felt the extent of my powers--of my sagacity....To think that I was, opening the door, little by little, and he not even to dream of my secret deeds or thoughts. I fairly chuckled at the idea; and perhaps he heard me; for he moved on the bed suddenly, as if startled. Now you may think that I drew back--but no. His room was as black as pitch...so I knew that he could not see the opening of the door....I had my head in, and was about to open the lantern, when my thumb slipped upon the tin fastening...the old man sprang up in bed, crying out--'Who's there?' The narrator kept quiet, and did not move for an entire hour. The old man did not lie back down; he was sitting up. Even in that darkness, I knew that he had been lying awake ever since the first slight noise....His fears had been ever since growing upon him. He had been trying to fancy them causeless, but could not. When I had waited a long time, very patiently...I resolved to open a little--a very, very little crevice in the lantern. So I opened it--you cannot imagine how stealthily, stealthily--until, at length, a single dim ray, like the thread of a spider, shot from out the crevice and fell full upon the vulture eye. The eye was wide open. I saw it with perfect distinctness--all a dull blue, with a hideous veil over it that chilled the very marrow in my bones....[N]othing else of the old man's face or person [could be seen]. And now have I not told you that what you mistake for madness is but over-acuteness of the senses? For at that moment, the narrator heard the sound such as a watch would make when it is enveloped in cotton. I knew that sound well too.

Problems with Child Labor Essays

Problems with Child Labor Essays Problems with Child Labor Essay Problems with Child Labor Essay Child labor essay Children have been involved in family based errands for all of imaginable human history. Nonetheless, at the wake of the 19th century when massive industrial expansion was taking place and many families moving to urban centers, people had to seek work to survive. This momentous change saw the first major wave of children seeking wage employment to survive or rake income to support themselves. During the time, child labor was not a major concern because mercantilist ideologies had a ruthless and exploitative imperial stance about labor. Through the 19th century and 20th century Britain and America, child labor became a social crisis. Child labor refers to the deliberate employment of children in activities that interfere with their normal schooling, that is mentally and socially harmful to their development and that is exploitative. Thesis Statement Some of the best ways to address child labor is through legislations that ensure all children access mandatory basic schooling up to the age of 16, ensuring effective parenting and empowerment of the children about their rights and privileges. Essay on child labor Child labor is mostly promoted by poverty as a supply side economic prerogative. On the demand side, incidences of child labor are exacerbated when there is poor enforcement of legislations that protect children. There has been intensive progress on the part of governments to exercise the relevant legislations that support children rights. Nevertheless, there is still much to be done. The geography of child labor is even more revealing. Whenever poverty is heightened and means of livelihood exceed familys stretched resources for sustenance, there is often the pressure among children to seek employment to meet basic needs of feeding, clothing and acceptability within the household. Nonetheless, homeless parents also contribute to the surge of destitute children in cities who have to find employment to survive. Children under the age of 16 are regarded as vulnerable in key physical and mental capacity to sustain meaningful employment. In 2008, the International Labor Organization (ILO) estimated that 153 million children were involved in exploitative labor worldwide. Out of this number, more that 60% were in the agricultural industries and the rest were in mines, factory work and some home based processing industries. The highest ranked risked nations for child labor globally according to a 2012 survey are Myanmar, North Korea, Somali and Sudan. These countries have insecurity as a national experience, they have dictatorships other than democratic leaders and the rule of law is weakly implemented (Rosenthal Hawkins 230). The efforts to address child labor should make a priority of ensuring state stability, democratization, the advancement of the rule of law and adequate security for the citizenry. The trend of child labor is even more pronounced recently as a result massive outsourcing of labor to poor nations. Global interconnectedness has come with opportunities as well as challenges. A key legislative tool is the fight against child labor at the global level is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which many nations are chartered to. In the contemporary scene, many nations across the globe have laws that seek to protect children from the risk of child labor. Much more needs to be done through collaborated efforts by Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs), civil society groups, households and multinationals having global operations. It is only through a concerted effort that the war against child labor can be won because apart from the exposure to child labor a more sinister crime of human trafficking also target vulnerable children. The vulnerability of children is a matter than should be addressed swiftly with extensive intelligence operations and extensive policing. Persons involved in child labor are corrupt; they use violence against children and can extend their abusive operations on children because of their vulnerability. In India and Brazil, diverse methods have been tried and there is considerable success. These nations use child empowerment through the education system to teach them their rights and indulge in extended campaigns against child labor (Nogler Pertile 44). Between England and the United States, there are limited futuristic trends of child labor because of the use of extensive legislations and policing. Among developing nations and those worst hit by civil strife, insecurity and high incidences of absolute poverty, progress shall come slowly. Demographic changes in many societies is a major challenge for government planning and social welfare and such nations need to rapidly upgrade their governance mechanisms to address the question of child exploitation, human trafficking which affects vulnerable children and slavery in its diverse forms. Conclusion Child labor adversely affects the development of children as well as deprives them vital opportunity to undertake schooling. Schooling is the only way to extract children from exploitation so that they can be effectively taught to prepare for careers and professional lives that are satisfying and fulfilling. Intense efforts have been done to attain this goal but the challenges of corruption or poverty or poor legislative functions cannot be wished away in the short run. According to ILO, the minimum age convention and the minimum wage legislations shall make greater impact as governments move forward with ratification schedules. Nogler, Luca, and Marco Pertile. Child labour in a globalized world: a legal analysis of ILO action. Routledge, 2016. Print. Rosenthal, Paul C., and Anne E. Hawkins. Confronting Child Labor in Global Agricultural Supply Chains: Applying the Law of Child Labor in Agricultural Supply Chains: A Realistic Approach. UC Davis J. Intl L. ; Poly 21 (2015): 157-279.

Knowledge Manegment Systems essays

Knowledge Manegment Systems essays WHAT IS A KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 1 In today's information based society, knowledge is power. By knowing their customers a business will have the ability to build products coveted by their customers. If a company is to get ahead in business today, they need to have a firm grasp on how to get the best production out of their employees. One way to help employees be all they can be is to provide them with the tools necessary to do their job. With the explosion of the service industry, today more than ever what employees need to do their job is information. Information about warehouse and store inventories, hot and cold selling merchandise and most importantly information about the customers they service. Software developers have heeded the call of the corporate leaders and are creating technology to help managers collect the data they need and put it in a useful form. This paper will discuss the emerging knowledge management systems being used today, in an attempt to take advantage of the enormous databases which have been created. WHAT IS A KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Knowledge management is at various stages of development in American businesses. Some companies are just taking their first steps toward identifying and organizing the components of their information systems. Others have already recruited knowledge managers and are looking to revamp and improve established system. The tools a majority of these companies are using in the renovation efforts are knowledge A knowledge management system is a software tool that is intended to assist, through knowledge processing functions, users who desire to retrieve and manipulate information for different applications. The various tools of such a framework should help users to originate and organize ideas or understand and communicate ideas more easily and accurately than can be done with most current tool...

Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Coursework - Essay Example However, after 9/11 events, it expected downturn in the economy, hence it felt the need to cut costs. Thus, in 2002, the company’s strategy was changed to ‘Investing in technology, capability and infrastructure’ (Rolls Royce, 2002). To cut costs it decided to change the priority on employees and lay-off extra resources wherever needed. In 2002 alone, it reduced the total head count by 4900 (Rose, Rolls Royce Annual Report 2002, 2002). Shift in focus from New Product Development to Creation of Capabilities which Increase the Scope and Value of Service Activities: Due to fall in overall demand for new engines, Rolls Royce shifted the focus from new product development to cost reduction per unit and creation of capabilities which increase the scope and value of service activities. Rescaled the business to balance load and capacity: Post 9/11 company analysed the impact of the event on the demand and capacity of civil aerospace business and its consequence on the workload and employment with Rolls Royce facilities throughout the world. In line with the expected downturn in demand for civil engines, Rolls Royce revised the number of engine units it expected to sell in 2002 (1500 from to 900 engines) Change in the mix of sales: Due to decrease in expected sales of new engines, Rolls Royce placed more stress on services front as a growth avenue. They strategized to increase their after- market revenue by developing comprehensive services capabilities. As a result of increased focus on services in 2001, the revenue from services accounted for 44% of sales in 2002 (Rose, Rolls Royce Annual Report 2002, 2002) Supply Chain Restructuring: Post September 2001, Rolls Royce decided to reschedule its entire civil engines supply chain effecting a 40% reduction in planned deliveries at very short notice. Supply chain restructuring was